For this graffiti effect, I used Photoshop. Firstly I placed an image of a brick wall, and changed it to black and white in order to blend the text in. I then changed the tones of contrast of the background in order for it to stand out more, and saved it as a psd file in order to use it again. Secondly, I opened up the original image of the background on another window, and started to apply text. I then made use of the background in black and white, but converted the text layer into a 'smart object' to do so, and then went to ' filter', 'distort' and 'displace' to make the text look more visible on the background. I used the 'Fx' option on the layers panel to add more effects to the text and make it stand out from the background. The main effect of the graffiti text was the use of the 'blending options' panel, and from there,  using the 'blend if' options to then make the text dissolve within the wall to make it seem as if it was actually sprayed on. Using the 'underlying layer' option, I multiplied the number of arrows using 'alt' and clicking the bar at the same time for a greater effect.